Treatment of Dermoid Cysts Tumors in the Ovaries
A dermoid cyst (mature teratoma) is a benign ovarian tumor that contains a variety of tissues, including hair, teeth, bones, and thyroid tissue, all enclosed within an ovarian cyst. These cysts can occur at any age but are most commonly detected during the reproductive years, with an average diagnosis age of 30.
Dermoid cysts range in size from 1 cm (less than 0.5 inches) to 45 cm (about 17 inches) in diameter. Large cysts can cause ovarian torsion, cutting off blood supply to the ovary. If a dermoid cyst ruptures, it can release fatty contents into the abdomen, leading to adhesions and severe pain.
Although 98% of dermoid cysts are benign, around 2% can become malignant (cancerous). Surgical removal is the preferred treatment, which can be done via open abdominal surgery or laparoscopy. Ovarian torsion caused by a dermoid cyst is a medical emergency requiring immediate surgery.
Causes of Dermoid Cyst Growth on the Ovaries
- Sudden hormonal changes.
- Abdominal trauma.
- Pelvic surgeries, which may disrupt blood flow or damage the ovaries.
Symptoms of Dermoid Cysts on the Ovaries
- Pain in the area of the cyst.
- Heaviness or fullness in the abdomen.
- Bloating.
- Constipation or diarrhea.
- Frequent urination due to pressure on nearby organs.
- Asymmetrical abdominal enlargement.
- Fever up to 39°C (102°F) if the cyst becomes infected.
- Sharp pain if the cyst twists (ovarian torsion).
- Ruptured cyst symptoms:
- Release of contents into the abdominal cavity.
- Symptoms of peritonitis (severe abdominal pain, rectal discomfort, high fever).
Diagnosing Dermoid Cysts on the Ovaries
- CT Scan (Computed Tomography) – Provides detailed imaging of the cyst.
- MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) – Helps assess the composition and size of the cyst.
- Blood Tests (Tumor Markers) – Identifies potential malignancy.
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