Treatment of Congenital Uterine Anomalies
Many women discover uterine abnormalities by chance, as they often do not cause painful symptoms. However, these anomalies can affect reproductive health, leading to issues such as infertility, recurrent miscarriage, or pregnancy complications.
Causes of Uterine Anomalies
Uterine malformations occur due to developmental defects during fetal growth, including:
- Failure of Fallopian Tube Formation:
- Can lead to uterine hypoplasia (underdeveloped uterus) or infantile uterus.
- Incomplete Fusion of Uterine Muscles:
- Can result in bicornuate uterus (double uterus) or double cervix.
- Incomplete Fusion of the Vaginal Canal:
- May lead to vaginal septum or imperforate hymen (blocked hymen).
- Failure of Midline Septum Resorption:
- Affects the formation of the uterine cavity.
- Can result in complete or partial uterine septum, which may be asymptomatic in some women without fertility problems.
Symptoms of Uterine Anomalies
- Infertility or difficulty conceiving.
- Preterm labor.
- Recurrent miscarriages.
- Fetal growth restriction.
- Stillbirth (fetal demise in the womb).
- Absent or obstructed menstrual flow (due to hymenal obstruction, leading to abdominal swelling).
- Pain during intercourse.
Diagnosis of Uterine Anomalies
- Hysterosalpingography (HSG) – Dye X-ray Test
- Evaluates the uterine shape and fallopian tube patency.
- CT Scan (Computed Tomography)
- Provides detailed cross-sectional images of the uterus.
- 3D Ultrasound (Four-Dimensional Ultrasound)
- Offers high-resolution imaging of uterine abnormalities.
Assessing Uterine Malformations
- Measuring the distance between uterine horns (for bicornuate uterus).
- Assessing the angle between the two uterine cavities.
- Examining endometrial shape (T-shaped endometrium) – Common in uterine malformations.
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