Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Surgery
This surgical procedure aims to remove the uterus either partially or completely, as it is one of the reproductive organs in women. The most common reasons for hysterectomy are therapeutic, especially following malignant tumors in reproductive organs such as uterine cancer, cervical cancer, and ovarian or fallopian tube cancer. In such cases, the affected organs, along with the uterus, must be removed to achieve recovery. Additionally, hysterectomy may be necessary due to benign tumors like fibroids.
Types of Hysterectomy
- Partial Hysterectomy: The uterus is removed while preserving the cervix.
- Total Hysterectomy: Both the uterus and the cervix are removed.
- Radical Hysterectomy: In some cases, the uterus, cervix, ovaries, and fallopian tubes are removed. This is also referred to as an extended hysterectomy and, in very rare cases, may include the removal of the upper part of the vagina and nearby lymphatic tissues.
Many women also opt for a hysterectomy as a preventive measure to avoid pregnancy or to reduce their risk of developing ovarian cancer, especially those carrying the BRCA gene mutation.
Surgical Methods
- Laparoscopic Hysterectomy: The most common method, involving three small incisions in the abdomen. A thin, long device with a small camera at the tip is inserted, allowing the surgeon to visualize the abdominal cavity on a screen and remove the uterus using specialized instruments.
- Open Surgery (Abdominal Hysterectomy): A large incision is made in the abdomen to remove the uterus and, if necessary, other reproductive organs.
Preoperative Preparations for Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Patients must undergo several medical tests, including:
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Blood Chemistry Analysis
- Tumor Screening Tests
- Blood Clotting Tests
- Kidney Function Tests
- Urine Analysis
- Cervical Cancer Screening (PAP test)
- Ultrasound Examination of the Uterus and Ovaries
- CT Scan (if necessary)
Procedure of Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
- The abdomen is sterilized, and three small incisions (1-3 cm) are made near the navel and in two additional locations based on the type of surgery.
- A laparoscope is inserted, and the abdominal cavity is inflated with gas to improve visibility.
- The procedure is performed under general anesthesia, and patients should consult their doctor about medications to stop before surgery.
- Fasting for 8 hours before the operation is required.
Risks of Hysterectomy
While complications are rare, some possible risks include:
- Injury to the intestines due to their proximity to the pelvic area.
- Bladder damage, though uncommon, as it is near the uterine wall.
- Ureteral injury, as the ureter runs close to the artery supplying the uterus.
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